CHAPTER ELEVEN — Part 6 of 7

CONCLUSION

In January, 1948 there were in Palestine 833 Arab towns and villages, as well as 108 villages and localities inhabited by semi-Nomadic Bedouin tribes. The Zionists, by war and aggression, occupied in 1948-49 the sub-districts of Acre, Beisan, Nazareth, Safad, Tiberias, Haifa, Jaffa, Rarnle and Beersheba. They also occupied parts of the sub-districts of Jenin, Tulkarm, Nablus, Hebron, Jerusalem and Gaza. The areas they occupied constituted 80% of the total area of Palestine. According to the thorough survey in this chapter, the Zionists occupied in the above mentioned sub-districts 526 Arab towns and villages as well as 108 villages and localities inhabited by Bedouins. They expelled more than 90% of the inhabitants of the occupied area by massacre and force. They destroyed 425 Arab towns and villages and 67 villages and localities of the Bedouin tribes. They usurped their lands and established Jewish colonies on their sites.

According to the List of Localities, Geographical Information and Population 1948, 1961, 1972 prepared by the Central Bureau of Statistics in Jerusalem, only 101 Arab towns and villages are still in existence in Israel today, and these are referred to as "non-Jewish small villages," "non- Jewish large villages" or "urban localities." There are also only 41 villages and localities of the Bedouin tribes which are referred to as "Bedouin tribes." This means that the Zionists destroyed 492 Arab towns, villages and Bedouin localities, together with their mosques, churches and cemeteries and erased them from the map of Palestine. 95% of Arab houses and commercial buildings in the cities and towns of Acre, Beisan, Safad, Tiberias, Haifa, Jaffa, Rarnle, Lydda, Beersheba and the New City of Jerusalem were usurped and used for the settlement of Jews. The Zionists referred to these towns and cities as "Jewish."

THE DESTRUCTION OF ARAB TOWNS AND VILLAGES AND THE SPOLIATION AND USURPATION OF ARAB HOUSES, APARTMENTS, AND COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS ARE WAR CRIMES

Under Article 23 of the Hague Regulations, public and private property must be respected. Public and private property cannot be confiscated. Public and private property must not be destroyed. The same principles were adopted in the Charter of the International Military Tribunal, Article 6b of the Charter states:

War Crimes: namely, violations of the laws or customs of war. Such violations shall include, but not be limited to, murder, ill-treatment or deportation to slave labor or for any other purpose of civilian population of or in occupied territory, murder or ill-treatment of prisoners of war or persons on the seas, killing of hostages, plunder of public or private property, wanton destruction of cities, towns or villages, or devastation not justified by military necessity.

The indictment presented to the International Military Tribunal sitting at Berlin on 18th October, 1945, in the trial of major Nazi war criminals, charged the defendants with having committed war crimes in their wanton destruction of cities, towns and villages and in devastation not justified by military necessity. It stated:

The defendants wantonly destroyed cities, towns and villages and committed other acts of devastation without military justification or necessity. These acts violated Articles 46 and 50 of the Hague Regulations, 1907, the laws and customs of war, the general principles of criminal law as derived from the criminal laws of all civilized nations, the internal penal laws of thecountries in which suchcrimes were committed and Article 6 (b) of the Charter.

Particulars by way of example and without prejudice to the production of evidence of other cases are as follows:

1. Western Countries: In March, 1941, part of Lofoten in Norway was destroyed. In April, 1942, the town of Telerag in Norway was destroyed. Entire villages were destroyed in France, among others Oradour-sur-Glane, Saint-Nizier and, in the Vercors, La Mure, Vassieux, La Chapelle en Vercors. The town of Saint Die was burnt down and destroyed. The Old Port District of Marseilles was dynamited in the beginning of 1943 and resorts along the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts, particularly the town of Sanary, were demolished.

In Holland there was most widespread and extensive destruction, not justified by military necessity, including the destruction of harbours, locks, dykes and bridges; immense devastation was also caused by inundations which equally were not justified by military necessity.24

The Tribunal convicted the accused on this count of the indictment.

The Permanent Military Tribunal at Clarrnount-Terrard in France tried Hans Zabados (Case No. 49) and delivered its judgment on the 23 of June, 1946 in which it convicted the accused of the war crime of arson and destruction of inhabited buildings and sentenced him to imprisonment with hard labor for life. The court stated: "The specific provisions of the laws and customs of war which covers such a type of destruction is Article 23 (g) of the Hague Regulations of 1907. It forbids the destruction or seizure of enemy property unless it is imperatively demanded by the necessities of war."25

Applying these principles of international law to the criminal acts of wanton destruction of Palestinian Arab towns and villages, the Zionist political and military leaders in Israel who planned, ordered, or took part in the operations of destruction of Palestinian Arab villages and towns should be indicted for the following war crimes:

1. The willful and wanton destruction of 492 Palestinian towns, villages and Bedouin localities, resulting in their complete disappearance from the land and map of Palestine.

2. The usurpation of 90% of the lands of the Palestinians in the towns and villages occupied by the Zionists and the establishment of Jewish settlements on those sites and lands.

3. The usurpation of over 90% of the houses, apartments and commercial buildings owned by Palestinians in the towns and cities of Acre, Tiberias, Safad, Haifa, Beisan, Jaffa, Lydda, Ramle, Jerusalem, Majdal and Beersheba.

APPENDIX I

A PARTIAL LIST OF ARAB TOWNS AND VILLAGES ERASED FROM THE MAP OF PALESTINE, THE AREAS OF LAND USURPED, AND THE NAMES OF SOME JEWISH SETTLEMENTS ESTABLISHED ON THEIR LANDS'^

A. GALILEE DISTRICT

Acre Sub-District

1. BASSA, EL: Near the Lebanese border and Mediterranean sea. Population: 4,000. Destroyed in 1948, the Jewish settlement nahal BEZET was established on its usurped 25,258 dunums of land.

2. BIRWA, EL: East of Acre. Population: 1,460. Destroyed in 1948, the Jewish settlement AHIHUD was established on its usurped 13,383 dunums of land.

3. DAMUN, ED: S.E. of Acre. Population: 1,310. Destroyed in 1948. 19,073 dunums of land usurped.

4. DEIR EL QASI: N.E. of Acre. Population: 2,300. Destroyed in 1948, the Jewish settlement of EL QOSH was established on its usurped 33,764 dunums of land.

5. GHABISIYA, EL: N.E. of Acre. Population: 690. Destroyed in 1948, the Jewish settlement NATIR HA SHAYYARA was established on its usurped 4,025 dunums of land.

6. IQRIT: N.E. of Acre near the Lebanese border. Population: 500. Village forcefully evacuated in 1948. All the villagers were Maronite Catholics. Village destroyed Christmas Day, 1952, and its 24,722 dunums of land usurped.

7. KABRI, EL: N.E. of Acre. Population: 1,520. Destroyed in 1948, in 1949 the kibbutz KABRI was established on its 47,428 dunums of land.

8. KHIRBAT JIDDIN: N.E. of Acre. Population: 1,500. Destroyed in 1948, its lands of 7,587 dunums usurped.

9. KUWEIKAT: N.E. of Acre. Population: 1,050. Destroyed in 1948, the Jewish settlement nahal BET HA EMEQ established on its usurped lands of 4,723 dunums.

10. LAZZAZA: In extreme north of Palestine on Hesbani river. Population: 230. Destroyed in 1948 and its lands of 644 dunums usurped.

11. MANSHIYA: N.E. of Acre. Population: 810. Destroyed in 1948 and its lands of l2,99 1 dunums usurped.

12. MANSOURA, EL: N.E. of Acre. Population: 688. Destroyed in 1948, its lands of 34,011 dunums usurped.

13. MI'AR: S.E. of Acre. Population: 770. Destroyed in 1948, its lands of 5,873 dunums usurped.

14. NAHR, EN: N.E. of Acre. Population: 610. Destroyed in 1948, and its lands of 5,271 dunums usurped.

15. RUWEIS, ER: S.E. of Acre. Population: 330. Destroyed in 1948, and its lands of 1,163 dunums usurped.

16. SHEIKH DAWUD: N.E. of Acre. Population: 300. Destroyed in 1948, its lands of 4,661 dunums usurped.

17. SUHMATA: N.E. of Acre. Population: 1,130. Destroyed in 1948. In 1949 the Jewish settlement HOSEN was established on its usurped 16,921 dunums of land.

18. SUMEIRIYA, ES: North of Acre. Population: 760. Destroyed in 1948, and its lands of 8,514 dunums usurped.

19. TARBIKHA: North of Acre. Population: 900. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement SHAMERAT was established on its usurped 14,628 dunums of land.

20. UMM KALKHAH: North of Acre. Population: 800. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement BEN AMMI was established on its usurped 810 dunums of land.

21. ZIB, EZ: North of Acre. Population: 1,9 10. Destroyed in 1948. In 1949 the settlement of GESHER HA ZIW was established on its usurped 12,607 dunums of land.

Beisan Sub-District

1. 'ARIDA, EL: South of Beisan. Population: 150. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement SEDE ELIYYAHU established on its usurped 2,280 dunums of land.

2. ASHRAFIYA, EL: S.W. of Beisan. Population: 230. Destroyed in 1948, its 5,200 dunums of land usurped.

3. BASHATIWA, EL: N.E. of Beisan, Population: 1,560. Destroyed in 1948, the Jewish settlement NEWE UR was established on its usurped 18,500 dunums of land.

4. BAWATI, EL: South of Lake Tiberius. Population: 520. Destroyed in 1948, its lands of 9,235 dunums were usurped.

5. BEISAN: Town south of Lake Tiberius. Population in 1948 was 5,180 Palestinians and 20 Jews. In 1948 the town was occupied by Jewish forces. The Palestinians were evicted and the town partially destroyed, after which it was rebuilt as the Jewish city of BET SHE'AN on the usurped Palestinian lands.

6. BIRA, EL: N.E. of Beisan. Population: 260. Destroyed in 1948, its lands of 6,866 dunums were usurped.

7. DANNA: N.W. of Beisan. Population: 190. Destroyed in 1948, its 6,614 dunums of land usurped.

8. FARWANA: South of Beisan. Population: 330. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlements REWAYA, SEDE TERUMOT and REHOV were established on its usurped 4,996 dunums of land.

9. FATUR, EL: South of Beisan. Population: 110. Destroyed in 1948, its lands of 729 dunums usurped.

10. GHAZAWIYA, EL: East of Beisan. Population: 1.020. Destroved in 1948. The Jewish settlement MA'OZ HAYYIM was established on its usurped 11,200 dunums of land.

11. HAMIDIYA, EL: North of Beisan, Population: 220. Destoyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement HAMADYA was established on its usurped 9,932 dunums of land.

12. HAMRA, EL: South of Beisan. Population: 730. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlements TIRAT ZEVI and SEDE ELIYYAHU were established on its usurped 9,055 dunums of land.

13. JABBUL: North of Beisan. Population: 250. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement BET JOSEF was established on its usurped 15,127 dunums of land.

14. JISR EL MAJAMI': N.E. of Beisan. Population: 250. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement GESHER was established on its usurped 500 dunums of land.

15. KAFRA: North of Beisan. Population: 430. Destroyed in 1948, its 9,172 dunums of land usurped.

16. KAUKAB EL HAWA: North of Beisan. Population: 300. Destroyed in 1948 and its 9,949 dunums of land usurped.

17. KHUNEIZIR, EL: South of Beisan. Population: 260. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement TIRAT ZEVI was established on its usurped 2,107 dunums of land.

18. MASIL EL JIZL: S.E. of Beisan. Population: 100. Destroyed in 1948, its 5,873 dunums of land usurped.

19. MURASSAS, EL: N.W. of Beisan. Population: 460. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlements BET HA SHITTA and SEDE'NAHUM were established on its usurped 14,477 dunums of land.

20. QUMIYA: West of Beisan. Population: 440. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlements EN HAROD and TEL YOSEF were established on its usurped 4,898 dunums of land.

21. SAFA, ES: S.E. of Beisan. Population: 650. Destroyed in 1948 and its l2,5 18 dunums of land usurped.

22. SAKHINA, ES: North of Beisan. Population: 530, Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement GAN HA SHILOSHA established on its usurped 6,400 dunums of land,

23. SAMIRIYA, ES: South of Beisan. Population: 250. Destroyed in 1948 and its 3,873 dunums of land usurped.

24. SIRIN: North of Beisan. Population: 810. Destroyed in 1948, its 28,455 dunums of land usurped.

25. TELLESH SHAUIC West of Beisan. Population: 120. Destroyed in 1948, its 1,020 dunums of land usurped.

26. TIRA, ET: North of Beisan. Population: 150. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement GAZIT was established on its 10,207 dunums of land.

27. UMM 'AJRA: South of Beisan. Population: 260. Destroyed in 1948, its 5,313 dunums of land usurped.

28. YUBLA: N.W. of Beisan. Population: 210. Destroyed in 1948, its 5,156 dunums of land usurped.

Nazareth Sub-District

1. INDUR: S.E. of Nazareth. Population: 620. Destroyed on December 3 1, 1949. The Jewish settlement ENDOR was I established on its usurped 12,444 dunums of land.

2. MA'LUL: West of Nazareth. Population: 690. Destroyed in 1948. Its usurped 2,090 dunums of land were added to the lands of the NAHALAL settlement.

3. MUJEIDIL, EL: S.E. of Nazareth. Population: 1,900. Destroyed in 1948. In 1952 , the Jewish settlement MIGDAL HA'EMEQ was established on its usurped 8,35 1 dunums of land.

4. SAFFURIYA: North of Nazareth. Population: 4,330. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement ZIPPORI was established on its usurped 55,378 dunums of land.

Safad Sub-District

1. ABIL EL QAMH: N.E. of Safad. Population: 330. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement YUVAL was established on its usurped 3,3 15 dunums of land.

2. 'ABISIYA, EL: N.E. of Safad. Population: 830. Destroyed in 1948, its 15,429 dunums of land usurped.

3. 'ARAB ZUBEID: N.E. of Safad. Population: 275. Destroyed in 1948, its 1,520 dunums of land usurped.

4. AZAZIYAT: N.E. of Safad. Population: 390. Destroyed in 1948 and its 409 dunums of land usurped.

5. 'ALMA: North of Safad. Population: 950. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement of ALMA was established on its usurped 19,747 dunums of land.

6. 'AMMUQA: N.E. of Safad. Population: 140. Destroyed in 1948, its 2,574 dunums of land usurped.

7. 'ARAB ESH SHAMALINA: S.E. of Safad. Population: 650. Destroyed in 1951. Its 16,690 dunums of land, located in the military zone, were usurped.

8. BEISAMUN: N.E. of Safad. Population: 50. Destroyed in 1948, its 2,102 dunums of land usurped.

9. BIRIYA: North of Safad. Population: 240. Destroyed in 1948, its 5,479 dunums of land usurped.

10. BUWEIZIYA, EL: N.E. of Safad. Population: 510. Destroyed in 1948, its 14,620 dunums of land usurped.

11. DALLATA: North of Safad. Population: 360. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement DALTON was established on its usurped 9,074 dunums of land.

12. DARBASHIYA, ED: N.E. of Safad. Population: 310. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement GONEN was established on its usurped 2,883 dunums of land.

13. DAWWARA: North of Safad. Population: 700. Destroyed in 1948, its 5,470 dunums of land usurped.

14. DEISHUM: North of Safad. Population: 590. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement DISHON was established on its usurped 23,044 dunums of land.

15. DHAHIRIYA ET TAHTA: S.W. of Safad. Population: 350. Destroyed in 1948, its 6,773 dunums of land usurped.

16. EIN ZEITIM: North of Safad. Population: 820. Destroyed in 1948, with many of its inhabitants killed. The Jewish settlement EN ZETIM was established on its usurped 1,100 dunums of land.

17. FARA: N. W. of Safad. Population: 320. Destroyed in 1948, its 7,229 dunums of land usurped.

18. FARRADIYA: S.W. of Safad. Population: 670. Destroyed in 1948, with many of its inhabitants killed. The Jewish settlement PAROD was established on its usurped 18,747 dunums of land.

19. FIR'IM: N.E. of Safad. Population: 740. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement HAZOR HA GELITIT was established on its usurped 2,088 dunums of land.

20. GHABBATIYA: N.W. of Safad. Population: 60. Destroyed in 1948, its 2,933 dunums of land usurped.

21. GHURABA: N.E. of Safad. Population: 200. Destroyed in 1948. The kibbutz GONEN was established on its usurped 2,950 dunums of land.

22. HUNIN: North of Safad. Population: 1,620. Destroyed in 1948, its 13,738 dunums of land usurped.

23. HUSEINIYA, EL: N.E. of Safad. Population: 170. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement HULATA was established on its usurped 2,150 dunums of land.

24. JAHULA: N.E. of Safad. Population: 357. Destroyed in 1948, its 3,869 dunums of land usurped.

25. JA'UNA: East of Safad. Population: 1,150. Destroyed in 1948, its 839 dunums of land usurped.

26. JUBB YUSUF: S.E. of Safad. Population: 357. Destroyed in 1948, its 3,869 dunums of land usurped.

27. KAFR BIR'IM: N.W. of Safad. Population: 1,000. Destroyed in 1953. The kibbutz BAR'AM was established on its usurped 12,250 dunums of land.

28. KHALISA, EL: N.E. of Safad. Population: 1,840. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish town QIRYAT SHEMONA was established on its usurped 1 1,280 dunums of land.

29. KHARRUBA: N.E. of Safad. Population: 170. Destroyed in 1948, its 3,374 dunums of land usurped.

30. KHISAS: N.E. of Safad. Population: 530. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement Hagosherim was established on its usurped 4,975 dunums of land.

31. KHIYAM EL WALID: North of Safad. Population: 280. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement LAHAVOT HABASHAN established on its usurped 4,315 dunums of land.

32. KIRAD EL BAQQARA: N.E. of Safad. Population: 350. Destroyed in 195 1, its 2,14 1 dunums of land usurped.

33. KIRAD EL GHANNAMA: N.E. of Safad. Population: 360. Destroyed in 1951. The Jewish settlement AYYELET HA SHAHAR established on its usurped 3,800 dunums of land.

34. MALLAHA: N.E. of Safad. Population: 890. Destroyed in 1948, its 1,850 dunums of land usurped.

35. MALIKIYA, EL: North of Safad. Population: 360. Destroyed in 1948. The kibbutz MALKIYA was established on its usurped 7,328 dunums of land in 1949.

36. MANSURAT EL KHEIT: East of Safad. Destroyed in 1948. The kibbutz KEFAR HA NASI was established on its usurped 6,735 dunums of land.

37. MARUS: N.E. of Safad. Destroyed in 1948 and its lands usurped.

38. MEIRUN: S.W. of Safad. Population: 290. Destroyed in 1948, the Jewish settlement MERON was established on its usurped 950 dunums of land.

39. MUFTAKHIRA, EL: N.E. of Safad. Population: 350. Destroyed in 1948, its 5,619 dunums of land usurped.

40. MUGHR EL KHEIT: N.E. of Safad. Destroyed in 1948, its 6,243 dunums of land usurped. .

41. NAB1 YUSHA', EN: North of Safad. Population: 70. Destroyed in 1948, its 3,617 dunums of land usurped.

42. NA'IMA, EN: N.E. of Safad. Population: 1,420. Destroyed in 1948, its 4,741 dunums of land usurped.

43, QABBA'A: N.E. of Safad. Population: 460. Destroyed in 1948, its 13,817 dunums of land usurped.

44. QADDITA: N.W. of Safad. Population: 240. Destroyed in 1948, its 2,441 dunums of land usurped.

45. QEITIYA: North of Safad. Population: 940. Destroyed in 1948. Its 5,190 dunums of land were usurped and added to the lands of moshav BET HILLEL.

46. QUDEIRIYA, EL: South of Safad. Population: 390. Destroyed in 1948 and its 12,486 dunums of land usurped.

47. RAS EL AHMAR, ER: North of Safad. Population: 645 Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement KEREM BEN ZIMRA established on its usurped 7,934 dunums.

48. SABALAN: N.W. of Safad. Population: 70. Destroyed in 1948, its 1,790 dunums of lands usurped.

49. SAFSAF: N.E. of Safad. Population: 910. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement SIFSUFA established on its usurped 7,391 dunums of land.

50. SALIHA: North of Safad. Population: 1,070. Destroyed in 1948, The Jewish settlement YIR'ON established on its usurped 11,735 dunums of land.

51. SALIHIYA, ES: N.E. of Safad. Population: 1,520. Destroyed in 1948, its 5,607 dunums of land usurped.

52. SAMMU'I, ES: West of Safad. Population: 310. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement KEFAR SHMMAY established on its usurped 15,135 dunums of land.

53. SANBARIYA, ES; North of Safad. Population: 130. Destroyed in 1948, its 2,532 dunums of land usurped.

54. SA'SA: N.W. of Safad. Population: 1,130. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement SASA established on its usurped 14,796 dunums of land.

55. SHAUQA ET TAHTA: North of Safad. Population: 200. Destroyed in 1948, its 2,132 dunums of land usurped.

56. SHUNA, ESH: South of Safad. Population: 170. Destroyed in 1948, its 3,660 dunums of land usurped.

57. TEITABA: North of Safad. Population: 530. Destroyed in 1948, its 8,453 dunums of land usurped.

58. TULEIL: N.E. of Safad. Population: 170. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlements YESUD and HA'MA'LA' established on its usurped 4,020 dunums of land.

59. 'ULMANIYA, EL: N.E. of Safad. Population: 260. Destroyed in 1948, its 1,169 dunums of land usurped.

60. YAQUQ: South of Safad. Population: 210. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement HUQUQ established on its usurped 4,252 dunums of land.

61. YARDA: North of Safad. Population: 100. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement HAZOR established on its usurped 1,367 dunums of land.

62. ZANGHARIYA: East of Safad. Population: 840. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement ELIFELETIT established on its usurped 27,918 dunums of land.

63. ZAWIYA, EZ: N.E. of Safad. Population: 760. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement NE'OT MORDEKHAY was established on its usurped 3,955 dunums of land.

64. ZUQ EL FAUQANI, EZ: North of Safad. Population: 150. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement MAYAN BARUCH established on its usurped 1,832 dunums of land.

65. ZUQ ET TAHTANI, EZ: North of Safad. Population: 1,050. Destroyed in 1948. THe Jewish settlement of BET HILLEL established on its usurped 11,634 dunums of land.

Tiberias Sub-District

1. DALHAMIYA: S.E. of Tiberias. Population: 390. Destroyed in 1948. Its usurped 2,507 dunums of land were incorporated into the Jewish settlement ASHDOT YAAQOV.

2. GHUWEIR ABU SHUSHA: North of Tiberias. Population: 1,240. Destroyed in 1948, its usurped 9,000 dunums of land were added to the lands of the kibbutz GINNOSAR.

3. HADATHA: N.W. of Lake Tiberias. Population: 520. Destroyed in 1948, its 10,340 dunums of land usurped.

4. HAMMA, EL: South of Tiberias. Population: 290. Destroyed in 195 1, its 1,692 dunums of land usurped.

5. HITTIN: West of Tiberias. Population: 1,190. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement Kefarzetim established on its usurped 22,764 dunums of land.

6. KAFR SABT: S.W. of Tiberias. Population: 480. Destroyed in 1948, its 7,036 dunums of land usurped.

7. KHIRBAT EL WA'RA ES SAUDA: N.W. of Tiberias. Population: 1,870. Destroyed in 1948, its 7,036 dunurns of land usurped.

8. LUBIYA: West of Tiberias. Population: 2,350. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement LAVI established on its usurped 39,629 dunums of land.

9. MA'DHAR: S.W. of Tiberias. Population: 480. Destroyed in 1948, its 6,329 dunums of land usurped.

10. MAJDAL: Tiberias. The village of Mary of Magdalene. Population: 365. Destroyed in 1948, the Jewish settlement MIGDAL established on its usurped 103 dunums of land.

11. MANARA, EL: South of Tiberias Population: 490. Destroyed in 1948, its 5,387 dunums of land usurped.

12. NASR ED DIN: S.W. of Tiberias Population: 110. Many of the inhabitants massacred by Irgun in 1948. Village destroyed and its 5,387 dunums of land usurped.

13. NIMRIN: West of Tiberias. Population: 320. Destroyed in 1948, its 8,795 dunums of land usurped.

14. NUQEIB: East of Tiberias. Population: 320. Destroyed in 1948. The kibbutz EN GEV established on its usurped 3,159 dunums of land.

15. SAMAKH: South tip of Lake Tiberias. Destroyed in 1948. A Jewish holiday resort was established on its usurped 18,611 dunums of land.

16. SAMAKIYA, ES: N.E. of Tiberias. Population: 330. Destroyed in 1948, its 10,526 dunums of land usurped.

17. SAMRA, ES: S.E. shore of Lake Tiberias. Population: 290. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement HA ON established on its usurped 12,563 dunums of land.

18. SHAJARA, ESH: West of Tiberias. Population: 770. Destroyed in 1948, its 3,754 dunums of land usurped.

19. TABIGHA, ET: North of Tiberias. Population: 330. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement TABGHAH established on its usurped 5,389 dunums of land.

20. TIBERIAS: The city of Tiberias. In 1948 it had a population of 5,744 Palestinians and 5,566 Jews. The Palestinians were expelled from their homes which were usurped and occupied by Jewish immigrants, together with all the land owned by the expelled Palestinians. The city is now known as TEVERYA.

21. 'UBEIDIYA, EL: South of Lake Tiberias. Population: 870. Destroyed in 1948, its 5,173 dunums of land usurped.

22. ULAM: S.W. of Tiberias. Population: 720. Destroyed in 1948, its 11,000 dunums of land usurped.

B. HAIFA DISTRICT

Haifa Sub-District

1. ABU SHUSHA: S.E. of Haifa. Population: 720. Destroyed in 1948. Its usurped 8,960 dunums of land were added to the lands of the Jewish settlement MISHMAR HA'EMEQ.

2. ABU ZUREIQ: S.E. of Haifa. Population: 550. Destroyed in 1948, its 6,493 dunums of land usurped.

3. 'ARAB EN NUFEI'AT: South of Haifa. Population: 820. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement GIV'AT OLGA established on its usurped 1,250 dunums of land.

4. BALAD ESH SHEIKH: S.E. of Haifa. Population: 4,120. Destroyed in 1948, its usurped 9,230 dunums of land were divided between Haifa and NESHER settlement.

5. BUREIKA: South of Haifa. Population: 290. Destroyed in 1948, its 2,900 dunums of land usurped.

6. BUTEIMAT, EL: S.E. of Haifa. Population: 110. Destroyed in 1948, its 4,320 dunums of land usurped.

7. DALIYAT ER RUHA: S.E. of Haifa Population: 280. Destroyed in 1948, its 10,008 dunums of land usurped.

8. 'EIN GHAZAL: South of Haifa. Population: 3,500. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement EN AYYALA was established on its usurped 18,000 dunums of land.

9. 'EIN HAUD: South of Haifa. Population: 650. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlements EN HOD and NIR EZYON were established on its usurped 12,605 dunums of land.

10. GHUBAIYA ET TAHTA: S.E. of Haifa. Population: 150. Destroyed in 1948, its 2,065 dunums of land usurped.

11. HUSHAH: East of Haifa. Population: 400. Destroyed in 1948, its 5,000 dunums of land usurped.

12. IJZIM: South of Haifa. Population: 2,970. Destroyed in 1948, the moshav KEREM MAHARAL was established on its usurped 46,905 dunums of land.

13. JABA: South of Haifa. Population: 1,140. The village suffered aerial bombardment on July 7, 1948, and was later completely destroyed. The moshavs GEVA KARMEL and ZERUEA were established on its usurped 7,012 dunums of land.

14. JI'ARA: S.E. of Haifa. Population: 70. The inhabitants of the village were evicted in 1945 and its usurped lands were added to the kibbutz EN HASHOFET.

15. KABARA: South of Haifa. Population: 120. Destroyed in 1948, its 4,350 dunums of land usurped.

16. KAFRIN, EL: S.E. of Haifa. Population: 920. Destroyed in 1948, its 10,882 dunums of land usurped.

17. KAFR LAM: South of Haifa. Population: 240. Destroyed in 1948, the moshav HABONIM was established on its usurped 6,838 dunums of land.

18. KHIRBAT ED DAMUN: South of Haifa. Population: 340. Destroyed in 1948, its 2,797 dunums of land usurped.

19. KHIRBAT LID: S.E. of Haifa. Population: 640. Destroyed in 1948, its 3,572 dunums of land usurped.

20: KHUBBEIZA: S.E. of Haifa. Population: 290. Destroyed in 1948. The kibbutz EVEN YIZHAQ was established on its usurped 2,357 dunums of land.

21. MANSI, EL: Population: 1,200. Destroyed in 1948, its 12,272 dunums of land usurped.

22. MAZAR, EL: South of Haifa. Population: 210. Destroyed in 1948, its 7,120 dunums of land usurped.

23. QANNIR: South of Haifa. Population: 750. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement REGAVIM was established on its usurped 1 1,281 dunums of land.

24. QISARIYA: S.W. of Haifa. Population: 960. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement OR'AQIVA was established on its usurped 30,786 dunums of land.

25. SABBARIN: South of Haifa. Population: 1,700. Destroyed in 1948. The moshav AMMIQAM was established on its usurped 21,500 dunums of land. .

26. SARAFAND, ES: South of Haifa. Population: 290. Destroyed in 1948. The moshav AERUFA was established on its usurped 5,409 dunums of land.

27. SHEIKH HELOU: South of Haifa. Population: 820, Destroyed in 1948, its lands of 1,47 1 dunums usurped. 28. SINDIYANA, ES: South of Haifa. Population: 1,250. Destroyed in 1948. In 1949 the YA'AR ALLONA reservation was established on its usurped 14,172 dunums of land. 29. TANTURA: South of Haifa. Population: 1,490. Destroyed in 1948, the moshav DOR and the kibbutz NAHSHOLIM were established on its usurped 1 1,520 dunums of land.

30. TIRA, ET: South of Haifa. Population: 5,270. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement TIRAT KARMEL was established on its usurped 43,050 dunums of land.

31. QUSQUS-TAB'UN: S.E. of Haifa. Population: 239. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement QIRYAT TIV'ON was established on its usurped 70 dunums of land.

32. UMM EL AMAD: S.E. of Haifa. Population: 265. Destroyed in 1948. The moshav ALLONE'ABBA was established on its usurped 9,123 dunums of land.

33. UMM ESH SHAUF: South of Haifa. Population: 480. Destroyed in 1948, its 7,426 dunums of land usurped.

34. UMM EZ ZINAT: S.E. of Haifa. Population: 1,470. Destroyed in 1948, the moshav ELYAQIM was established on its usurped 22,056 dunums of land.

35. WADI 'ARA: South of Haifa. Population: 230. Destroyed in 1948, the kibbutz BARQAY was established on its usurped 8,776 dunums of land.

C. SAMARIA DISTRICT

Jenin Sub-District

1. LAJJUN: N.W. of Jenin. Population: 1,103. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement MEGIDDO was established on its usurped 8,500 dunums of land.

2. NURIS: N.E. of Jenin. Population: 570. Destroyed in 1948, its 6,256 dunums of land usurped.

3. ZIR'IN: North of Jenin. Population: 1,420. Destroyed in 1948. In 1949 the Jewish settlement YIZRE'EL was established on its usurped 22,200 dunums of land.

Tulkarm Sub-District

1. ALMAJDAL: North of Tulkarm. Population: 75. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement SED YZHAQ was established on its usurped 555 dunums of land.

2. ALMUGHAYER: West of Tulkarm. Population: 75. Destroyed in 1948, its lands usurped.

3. DARDARAH: South of Tulkarm. Population: 145. Destroyed in 1949, the kibbutz EYAL was established on its usurped 3,720 dunums of land.

4. FARDISIYA: Destroyed in 1948, its lands usurped.

5. GHABAT JAIYUS: Destroyed in 1948, its lands usurped.

6. GHABAT KAFR SUR: Destroyed in 1948, its lands usurped.

7. GHABAT MISKA: Destroyed in 1948, its lands usurped.

8. GHABAT ET TAIYIBA EL QIBLIYA: Destroyed in 1948, its lands usurped.

9. GHABAT ET TAIYIBA ESH SHAMALIYA: Destroyed in 1948, its lands usurped.

10. HABLA: Destroyed in 1948, its lands usurped.

11. JAIYUS: Destroyed in 1948, its lands usurped.

12. JALAMAH: Destroyed in 1948, its lands usurped.

13. KAFR SABA: Destroyed in 1948, its lands usurped.

14. KHIRBAT BEIT LID: Destroyed in 1948, its lands usurped.

15. KHIRBATEL JALAMA: Destroyed in 1948, its lands usurped.

16. KHIRBAT MANSHIYA: Destroyed in 1948, its lands usurped.

17. KHIRBAT EZ ZABADIYA: Destroyed in 1948, its lands usurped.

18. KHIRBAT ZALAFA: Destroyed in 1948, its lands usurped.

19. KUR: Destroyed in 1948, its lands usurped.

20. MANSHIYA, EL: N.W. of Tulkarrn. Population: 260. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlements OMEZ and HA MAP IL were established on its usurped 16,770 dunums of land.

21. MISKA: S.W. of Tulkarm. Population: 880. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlements RAMAT HA KOSVESH and MISMERET were established on its usurped 8,076 dunums of land.

22. QAQUN: N.W. of Tulkarm. Population: 1,970. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlements CAN YOSHIYYAH and HA'OGEN were established on its usurped 41,767 dunums of land.

23. RAML ZEITA: Destroyed in 1948, its lands usurped.

24. TABSAR: Destroyed in 1948, its lands usurped.

25. UMM KHALID: West of Tulkarm. Population: 970. Destroyed in 1948. The village's usurped 2,894 dunums of land were incorporated into the Jewish city of NETANYA.

26. WADI EL HAWARITH NORTH: Destroyed in 1948, its lands usurped.

27. WADI EL HAWARITH SOUTH: Destroyed in 1948, its lands usurped.

28. WADI QABBANI: Destroyed in 1948, its lands usurped.

Tribal Units

1. 'ARAB EL 'AYID (in Miska and Jaljuliya): Property destroyed, land usurped.

2. 'ARAB EL BALAWINA (in Umm Khalid): Property destroyed, land usurped.

3. 'ARAB EL FUREIJAT (in Kfar Zibad): Property destroyed, land usurped.

4. 'ARAB EL HUWEITAT (in Ghabat Kafr Sur): Property destroyed, land usurped.

5. 'ARAB EL MALALIHA (in Ghabat Kafr Sur and Kafr Zibad): Property destroyed, land usurped.

6. 'ARAB EL QATATIWA (in Ghabat Kafr Sur): Property destroyed, land usurped.

7. 'ARAB ER RUMEILAT (in Et Tira and Miska and Et Taiyiba): Property destroyed, land usurped.

8. 'ARAB ES SAWARIKA: (in Kafr Saba and Kafr Zibad): Property destroyed, land usurped.

9. 'ARAB ET TARABIN (in Kafr Zibad): Property destroyed, land usurped.

10. 'ARAB EZ ZUBEIDAT (in Kafr Zibad): Property destroyed, land usurped.

D. JERUSALEM DISTRICT

Hebron Sub-District

1. AJJUR: N.W. of Hebron. Population: 3,370. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlements AGUR, GIV'AT YESHA'YAHU and ZAFRIRIM were established on its usurped 58,174 dunums of land.

2. BARQUSIYA: N.W. of Hebron. Population: 330. Destroyed in 1948, its lands of 3,216 dunums usurped.

3. BEIT JIBRIN: N.W. of Hebron. Population: 2,430. Destroyedin 1948. The Jewish settlement BETGUVRIN was established on its usurped 56,185 dunums of land.

4. BEIT NATTIF: N.W. of Hebron. Population: 2,150. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlements HALAMED, ZANOAH, and AVI'EZER were established on its usurped 44,587 dunums of land.

5. DAWAYIMA, ED: West of Hebron. Population: 3,710. Destroyed in 1948, when many of the inhabitants were killed. In 1955 the Jewish settlement AMAZYA was established on its usurped 60,585 dunums of land.

6. DEIR ED DUBBAN: N.W. of Hebron. Population: 730. Destroyed in 1948. In 1955 the Jewish settlement LUZIT was established on its usurped 7,784 dunums of land.

7. DEIR NAKH-KHAS: N.W. of Hebron. Population: 600. The Jewish settlement NAHOSHA was established on its usurped 14,476 dunums of land.

8. KHIRBAT UMM BURJ: N.W. of Hebron. Population: 250. Destroyed in 1967, its 13,083 dunums of land usurped.

9. KIDNA: West of Hebron. Population: 450. Destroyed in 1948, the settlement GAL'ON was established on its usurped 15,725 danums of land.

10. MUGHALLIS: N.W. of Hebron. Population: 540. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement GEFEN was established on its usurped 1 1,456 dunums of land.

11. QUBEIBA, EL: West of Hebron. Population: 1,060. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement LAKHISH was established on its usurped 10,737 dunums of land.

12. RA'NA: N.W. of Hebron. Population: 190. Destroyed in 1948, its 6,925 dunums of land usurped.

13. ZAKARIYA: N.W. of Hebron. Population: 1,180. Destroyed in 1948. THe Jewish settlements ZEKHARYA and SEDOT MIKHA were established on its 15,320 dunums of land.

14. ZEITA: N.W. of Hebron. Population: 330. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement GAL'ON was established on its usurped 10,490 dunums of land.

15. ZIKRIN: N.W. of Hebron. Population: 960. Destroyed in 1948. The Jewish settlement of KESALON was established on its usurped 17,195 dunums of land.

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